NY2NJ boomer marches in DC

Well.  What kind of New Yorker, boomer, Jew, chronicler and most of all Hunter Girl – from our all-girls high school years -- would I be if I hadn’t gone to the Women’s March yesterday? 

I even went to the DC one, after three different girlfriends considered the trip and changed their minds, opting for local marches instead.  But, in fairness, I had an extra inducement; my daughter and her fiancé live there.  I could also spend a couple days with them.  And I had a free place to stay – combining activism and cheap getaway. 

So I get to say I was a part of the mother march in Washington. I got to buy the t-shirt, carry the sign, and show off pictures on Facebook.  I got to feel the climbing excitement and shared purpose, from the first sight of pussyhat wearers getting out of cars on my daughter’s quiet, Connecticut Avenue side street, to the jammed Metro trains at the station, to the converging streams of people – young, old, male, female, straight, gay, white, black, Asian, some pushing walkers, some strollers – heading from the downtown station to the Mall. 

The crowds were too large to find room on the train where I entered; I had to go north three stations to find room to go south.  They were also too large to let us off at Judiciary Square, the closest station to the march’s starting point; we surfaced somewhere on seventh street, near Chinatown.

I had three other friends who were going from NJ, by different ways, but as we kind of expected, we never met up. The crowds were too large to get cell signals to communicate, and just getting from point A to B was frequently impossible.  What’s amazing is how mellow the crowd stayed, when other people packed so densely might have panicked and started a stampede.  It’s made the news that anywhere from half a million to a million or more people there managed to generate zero arrests.   I’ve seen nothing to compare that with since the Simon and Garfunkel concert in Central Park; 1981, right?

I appear to have aged out of some of the shortcuts to the rally,

People were helping each other over this wall, but they all seemed 

20 and 30-something.

There was also zero visible security; no bag checks, no metal detectors to go anywhere but inside the museums.  March publicity warned people not to bring backpacks, but I saw several.  March organizers and guides were sparse, and bullhorns moreso. 

No, mellowness prevailed, even though the underlying motivation for our coming was fury, anxiety, loss and disbelief at how such a psycho, know-nothing fraud had managed to become president, and more  --- replace such exceptional integrity and intelligence. There was comfort in just being among so many like-minded people, so ready to be seen and heard, carrying sentiments that were not only right, but correctly spelled.

More than mellowness; strangers were quick to help each other scale walls, navigate fences, and to share snacks and information.  It was cold and damp, but spirits were high and warm. Rivers of people just flowed, holding signs, wearing the hats, chanting chants, drumming drums, taking pictures.  Few of us could get close enough to even see a Jumbotron at one of the intersections to Independence Avenue, nevermind an actual speaker. 

I only managed to follow people to a fenced-in area by the Air and Space Museum facing Independence, to hear Michael Moore teaching us the number through which we could contact our congresspeople and senators – every day.  202-225-3121.  Some ground cover got trampled on; I bet Trump complains about that. We were pretty careful around the shrubs. There were many in the trees, just like the olden days in Bryant Park or Central Park.

The signs were frequently inspired.

Unable to meet up with friends, I started conversations with many friendly, like-minded strangers, from the family of four on the Metro, who’d traveled four days by train from Pacifica, Calif.,  to the two young women friends in the cafeteria of the Museum of American History, one white, from Brooklyn, one black, from suburban Maryland, to the Hispanic couple from Los Angeles in the same cafeteria, who liked my recommendation to take in the Newseum the next day, to the “Nasty Nine” Jewish women from Chicago who I caught up with in a gridlock near the Washington Monument, to the two fifty-something women in the Lebanese restaurant back near my daughter’s neighborhood that evening, who I clapped with whenever the TV screen showed the day’s crowds. All literate, riled-up people with working bullshit detectors. Many able to afford a plane or a train ride across country to join up and speak out. 

As marchers paraded past, several entertainers on the sidelines 

siphoned off afew for a few minutes of dancing or listening

At the American History Museum

I got to take a nostalgia break.

Post event, about 5 pm on the Elipse. A spirited drum circle and a ginormous display
of contributed/abandoned signs. Mine's the yellow one in Russian and English.
 Thank you Hannah for the quality translation. I could tell by the thumbs up who could read it.

A day later, we can read all the analysis and counts; we can feel a movement launching.  But now I need to know what tools we really have.  What our leverage really is, as Senate, House, and White House all start to carry out their “promises,” i.e., threats.  There are so many; the cabinet appointments alone fall into the three categories of useful idiot, unscrupulous opportunist, and reactionary. 

What can work?  Making sure the investigations into Trump’s Putin connection aren’t quashed by Trump himself, now that he’s in power?  (The lady in the Lebanese restaurant has it on good authority that there were Russians toasting each other in Trump Tower on election night, and that they’ve got him over a barrel,  somehow… just wait till the dots are connected.) Or the conflict of interest angle, starting the impeachment process via emoluments violations?

We must quickly get past the understandable pride of knitting pussy hats and attending mass demonstrations and recognize this event for what it is: a kickoff.  Then we have to make more history, and in this kind of effort, it just possibly may take more time, energy and guts than anyone born after 1952 has ever had to summon before.

Letter to a Jewish Trump-Supporting Friend

I don't feel like having lunch today. And I don't believe I'll see, it'll be ok. 

The Electoral College has just proven to women that a man who has a dozen women willing to come forward with charges of sexually predatory behavior can still be elected president.   What use is coming forward?   Do you feel disempowered?  I do.

We have also proven that failure to pay income taxes or one's contractors is no impediment to high office.  I'm a contractor.  So my "smartest" clients are my biggest risks?

That complete disinterest in the legislative process does not disqualify.  

That complete lack of compassion for those less fortunate, due to circumstance or disability, doesn't matter. 

That inability to focus or concentrate doesn't matter; you can prepare for the highest office in the country by "watching the shows."  On Fox. 

We have trusted a man who cannot be trusted with his own Twitter account -- his advisors finally shut it down in the last days -- with the ability to launch nuclear weapons.

David Duke is ecstatic; have you read his reactions?  The other Trump supporter among my Facebook friends is inviting Whoopi Goldberg to shove off for Canada.   Black woman, Jewish name.  He has no use for either; he's all resentment.  He thinks the "other" is eating his lunch.  He scares me.

People have voted with their lower intestines, not their brains. 

We have also proven the danger of only reading and watching what you want to see and hear.  Had I forced myself to watch Fox more, I guess I would have been less surprised and perhaps less complacent.  Had you read the New Yorker, you would have heard different voices, perhaps come to different conclusions.  

This election is an embarrassment to the world.    And part of a global, nationalistic trend that has come to terrible grief in the past.

I cannot reconcile your vote with your intelligence; I chalk it up to your authoritarian streak.  Your idealization of the past.  It's consistent with your admiration of the most hidebound, insular, conservative type of Jew: Hasidim.  They have one morality for their own kind -- or those they think they might persuade to do more morally arbitrary mitzvahs --  and little to none for anyone else. 

Yes I too miss some things about the past-- like Walter Kronkite -- but none of them turn me towards Trump.  My sister lives up in Suffern, near the Hasidim who have cynically joined school boards, starved the local schools their kids don't attend, cheated welfare, busted neighborhoods, and earned the fear and contempt of everyone around them.  Don't get her started on Hasidim.

Like our friend Bill and other liberals, I was educated to think critically and to evaluate things by humanistic bottom lines, for everyone alike.  

My whole graduating class is grieving with me. 

I'm sorry, this is a very black day.  I cannot be less angry about this than your sister is. 

Ellen

The Moment Bernie Lost My Vote

First I have to admit that Bernie never had my vote sewn up.   I'm not his demographic in the first place; being a registered Democrat and a female boomer, I'm more likely to be for Hillary anyway.

I am certainly sick of Citizens United, and the outsized role of money in politics, and the favoritism the U.S. shows sinking corporations over sinking schools and infrastructure.  And I favor lots of other things Bernie espouses, with the glaring exception of his stand on gun control.

Tipping point: Wrong holiday, right metaphor,
right letter.

But then there's the electability thing.   A friend down in Atlanta, outside my blue Northeastern bubble, tells me there's no way America is ready for President Bernie. I surely don't want to risk a Trump or a Cruz or a Kasich presidency, and I frankly can't believe that Hillary hatred is so strong that Bernie would make a better bet against the Donald.

And there's the nuance thing.  A story in the Times reports that according to studies of their delivered speeches, Hillary's show much more actual cogitation and careful weighing of complexities, as opposed to the more single-minded notes struck repeatedly by Bernie.

I think it was David Brooks who wrote, also in the Times,about the importance of being able to hold competing truths in your head at one time, and to navigate to the best trade-offs between them. That's where things actually happen. Thanks, Bernie, for pulling Hillary to the left.  But I really like thinkers; the nuanced ambivalences of Obama in his Dreams for My Father book made me extra happy to vote for him.

The specific instant that I decided against Bernie was the one that demonstrated that single, simplified story line... the moment he quoted that  grossly exaggerated death toll of Gazans during the last Israeli response to Hamas shelling and bombing.

You want to call that response disproportionate, that's your right and your call.

But like we say, you're not entitled to your own facts.   And the fact that you would just repeat whatever was handed to you, by propagandists, shows a disinterest in the fine points.  And in accuracy.  .

Being anti-Netanyahu would not have cost you my vote.  Being against Israeli policies, ditto.  You got props for standing up to AIPAC and if you demonstrated that being critical of Israel is now a politically survivable thing to do, that would also have been all right with me.  I even believe you when you say that long-term, you have Israel's best interests at heart. Most left-of-center Jews do.

But you can't just repeat what's shoved at you. That tipped me over into the camp I was leaning toward, anyway.  So bye-bye, Bernie.

Roots Tour Part XIII: Postscript

It is now more than six months since our trip to my grandmother's home town and environs in Poland, time to write some sort of summation, and more than time to start working on the new leads it gave me.

I went there to prove that the towns my grandmother spoke of -- Tarnow, Rzeszow, Przeworsk, Jaroslaw and Przemysl -- were places that exist in real life, that you could visit. I went to get some sense of what Esther's native country looked like, even close to a century later. To stand where she and her sisters and brothers must have stood. To travel the east-west road that links these towns together. And, I guess, to affirm our place in eastern European history, in the minds of people who live there now and in the minds of people here, too.  To connect destroyed past to present.  Not an original goal, to be sure. 

In what way did my walking these old streets, visiting these restorations and ruins respond to such thorough destruction?  Because that thoroughness is one inescapable takeaway of such a trip.  It takes research and some imagination to find the skinned and gouged-out traces of Jews in these towns.

My only answer is that in the end, we are all reduced to pieces of history.  And all you can do for these relatives, in consolation or reparation, is recover and preserve their lost histories, to endure alongside your own.  Rescuing relatives from historical oblivion is what Daniel Mendelsohn had in mind in his riveting account, The Lost: The Search for Six out of Six Million.  I didn't have the time or resources to scour the world like he did, filling in my murdered relatives' histories and settling vague theories in first-person testimony.  In addition to visiting their towns and interviewing still-living neighbors, Mendelsohn also got to the right survivors in places like Australia, just in the nick of time in 2006, months before their deaths.

What  I did see in person were records, in their originals, that testified to my grandmother's and her family's presence. Six months later, I sent a Christmas card to Malgorzata Woloszyn, the museum historian who brought out and showed me the census books. I remember her and that moment fondly.  I wish she'd email me back.  But I do have a favor to ask of her; simply to rephotograph one of the pages I shot; the most important page came out blurry.   Probably because I promised not to use a flash.  Or because I was excited. Or both.

I also brought the "Anne Frank of Przeworsk" Polish diary that I bought in the museum, by Basia Rosenberg, to a Polish friend here in NJ and she's been working on translating it.  I may offer that to the museum; neither Elzbieta nor I want anything for it but to spread this history to wider audiences and set more visitors on my path.

Once I got home, things I found by googling added to what I'd learned and seen.  I found an  amazing postscript to the little "Jewish Cemetery" monument,  its inscription crumbling in a corner of the Przeworsk bus station that covers my ancestor's bones, in a recently published book, "Jewish Spaces in Contemporary Poland," by Erica T. Lehrer and Michael Meng.  Google took me right to most of the relevant pages; I bought the ebook for the rest.

Seems that  in the early eighties, Przeworsk's municipal council decided to build a badly needed bus station on the site of the former Jewish cemetery. A road widening between Rzeszow and Przemysl had already disturbed much of the site. There were no surviving headstones and presumably no visitors.  But the decision to build on the site had one dissenter on the council:  One Jan Sasak.  Outvoted,  he suggested that the town at least erect a monument to mark the spot's former existence.  Again, outvoted. 

But, as history would have it, this Jan Sasak was himself a stonecutter.  So he made the little monument himself, and had it erected in the middle of the station.  Without his knowledge or consent, it was later moved to the back, in a corner on a small bricked rectangle.  Google Streetview still shows it, but only if you know where to look.  And that is why this little monument looks like an unofficial afterthought.  It's certainly unofficial; one man's professional act of righteous, compassionate obstinacy. Does anyone know this man?  Does he still live? Can't find him on Facebook.  I'd certainly like to thank him for this act of historical rescue.

I keep in Facebook touch with Jakub Lysiak, our guide to Przeworsk, Jaroslaw and Przemysl.  He has sent me the info should I want to get more research done on my behalf in the Przemysl archives.  I should follow up on that.  Last I heard he was applying for training as a guide at the Polin Museum in Warsaw.  I'm also Facebook friends with Helise Lieberman, director of the Taube Center for the Renewal of Jewish Life in Poland.  Both their paths cross with Agnieska (Agi) Legutko, a Yiddishist  from Krakow who I met when I booked her for an adult ed presentation at my synagogue in NJ years ago. Today she heads up the Yiddish department at Columbia in NYC.

Then there's the surviving distant relatives newly turned up by Anna Przybyszewska of Warsaw's Jewish Historical Institute; third cousins, perhaps, whose existence is documented by pages of testimony they gave to Yad VaShem in the fifties.  The survivor's name: Chaim / Henryk Schopf, of Tarnow.  Married to a Helena Eisen, with two kids, a Jan and a Ludwig.  His testimony says they made it from the nearby Krakow ghetto to Budapest in 1943, and presumably all made it to Israel.  I have other third cousins in Israel who exchange messages with me all the time; how could they not know of these others in such a small country?  There's a mystery to which I could apply more time and money. 

I would like nothing more than to swim around in these records and mysteries as a full-time occupation.  I have a lot of the language skills and more than passing familiarity with the more popular tools of online genealogical research.  What I have done is given introductory workshops in Ancestry.com to my synagogue, and, with my Lifelong Learning cochair, gotten a wall-sized map of eastern and central Europe printed on sturdy vinyl and hung in the social hall. The idea is to encourage others to research and mark their ancestral towns within its borders.  (We've added inserts of Israel, Iraq, Spain and Sudan for our few Sephardi members.  And Italy for inter-marrieds.) We've just gotten started.

Then there's Poland, a place the grandmother I knew certainly didn't care about, and who could blame her.  I follow its politics a little now.  The news is not good; fear of Muslim refugee hordes, among other factors, has turned voters sharply to the right, and what has made the news but a photo of the archetypical Polish antiSemite of my grandmother's nightmares, holding a bottle, in a group burning an effigy of a Hasid holding the European Union flag. What is that about?  Is that a safer stand-in for a  Muslim effigy, which would also be repulsive but at least more relevant?  Is it cowardice, a drunken  fringe element, or just the most virulent outbreak of an incurable xenophobia, expressed against the most traditional, vulnerable  Other? 

You beautiful young people I saw sipping wine and beer on the Rynek of Rzeszow, the college town, speaking other languages:  You folks who gave me the Jewish History tour map of Tarnow: Jakub: Did you go to the polls?  Did you sit this one out? Or were you simply outnumbered. And by whom.

The "renascent" Jewish community of Poland is miniscule; somewhere between 10,000 and 20,000.  I can't see that number ever approaching even five percent of its pre-war population, which would get to 150,000.  But we could become more frequent and interested visitors. Even if somewhat transient,  the community could grow. Jewish Studies is apparently popular at Warsaw University, among Catholic-born Poles. Here's hoping that with the churn of Polish generations, we will see even wider acknowledgement and acceptance of our historical relationship.   

Roots Tour Part XII: Warsaw, on our own, in the group, and the Museum of Jewish History in Poland

Warsaw is a big, rebuilt city, full of monuments and parks, stores of every kind, banks, apartment houses and neighborhoods.  I don't think my grandmother ever made it here, and if she had, she probably wouldn't have recognized it in 2015.  A huge ugly skyscraper, a gift from the Soviets in the fifties, dominates one part of town.  A restored and charming old city swarms with tourists, priests, fountains, plazas, restaurants, and sketching students in another.

Trams go through wide multilane boulevards, and parks cover a lot of what was once the Warsaw Ghetto. Words imbedded in the sidewalks show where the ghetto walls stood.

A large grassy mound in a pocket park at 18 Mila street, two blocks from the museum and accompanied by engraved boulders, marks the bunker and the actual last stand of the
Warsaw Ghetto resisters. You could easily miss it;
it's in the middle of a residential neighborhood.

Other huge monuments commemorate the Other uprising against Germans;
the general Warsaw Uprising, made by regular Poles against Nazi conquerors. 
Bronze statues of that uprising occupied a large square. 

 In one part, separated from the other figures stepping
through bombed-out walls, were figures of women,
men and a child.

An adorable little toddler in a sundress, in babytalk Polish that even I could understand, pointed to each figure, telling her big sister, "This is the mommy,this is the daddy, this is the baby."  It was such innocent sweetness, so 
oblivious to the suffering and fear the monument was meant to commemorate. 

It made the perfect epilogue; you wanted history to stop right there. 

The End.  Sunshine and flowers and baby bonnets.

We dragged ourselves back to the Radisson, showered, napped, and went out again, spending a couple of hours in the new Polin Museum of the History of Polish Jews -- very recommended -- which shares the plaza with the Warsaw Ghetto monument erected in 1948.   The museum's poetic design and rich, experiential exhibits show  the collaboration of Jewish and Polish scholars, curators  and historians from all over the western world, and similarly impressive international fundraising muscle, with internationally recognizable contributor names.

If you're looking for evidence of current Polish anti-Semitism, you can find it in the Google translations of online comments on Polish news sites, complaining how the Jewish Polish museum gets prime Warsaw real estate and hundreds of millions of dollars, while plain Polish museums starve for funds in inconvenient locations. 

But if you're looking for evidence of current sympathetic Polish interest in the Jewish Polish past, you can find it in the museum itself; most of the people we saw reading the walls, viewing the exhibits and pressing the buttons on interactive displays were using Polish to do so. 

And the museum is quite determinedly retelling the story of Jewish life in Poland, from about 960 up to the re-nascent present. Using writings that start with early Jewish traders from Muslim Spain, it tries to recreate some of the feeling of medieval Jewish quarters of Krakow and Kalisch and Poznan.

The call of Zionism; a radiating sun that too few followed in the 30's

It has more modern sources in representing the Jewish textile industry of Lodz,or the Yiddish literary hum of Warsaw. It puts Jewish Polish history where it properly belongs, in the context of the wider world. And like most modern museums, it's not so much about artifacts and exhibits as it is about stagecraft, screens and theme-park-like recreations, with streets you can walk through, train stations you can sit in, sounds you can hear, videos to watch and tools you can operate. It is also most deliberately telling this story to Poles as well as tourists, Jewish and non. Making this point, its web site opens first in Polish, although English is just a click away. And for all its concern with life, and for all the many places in Poland that describe the death of the great majority of its Jews, the Polin museum gives full weight to tragic ending, too, with resources that are unique to Warsaw.  Chief of these is the Emanuel Ringelblum archive.  Quotes from those buried testimonies narrate Ghetto-related exhibits, and with special force, go into more detail than you'll find elsewhere.  You'll also learn what total ruin looks like in a 20th-century city.

The final word in the exhibit is given to present-day Jews in Poland, in videos displaying attempts at cultural revival in a handful of cities.  (Historical restoration is being carried out in many others.) The thing to note is that where Jews are concerned, Poles are only 25 years past an imposed historical blackout, Nazi occupation having been immediately followed by Soviet suppression.  And Poles may not have had Jewish history uppermost in mind after the fall of communism. They are quick to tell me how that epoch was followed by years of economic chaos from which they have not yet fully recovered.

We got back to the Radisson just in time to meet our tour group at dinner, Americans from all over, with a fair number from Pole-rich Chicago. Our tour manager, Michael, was a forty-something husband, father, and natural educator from Vienna, a full-timer with Gate1Travel.  A European academic (PhD in economics, if I remember correctly) slightly more post-war (i.e. younger) than us, with what I sensed as guilt-free, cross-cultural sensitivity and bonhomie. I'm glad I have videos of some of his backgrounders on the bus, and I strongly recommend his tours.

After touring the restored old charming part of Warsaw the next day, with its squares and church towers, and learning some modern Polish history at the statues of Chopin and Pilsudski,my husband and I spent another four hours in the Polin museum on our free afternoon.  There might have been five or six other Jews in our group, but as far as we could see, none of them made it there. 

We couldn't believe it. 

Roots Tour, Part XI, Leaving Grandma's Galician Poland, coming to Warsaw

 It's now five months since we made my roots trip to Galician Poland; I must finish my account before I have to rely entirely on photos and notes.

Still in Tarnow that Wednesday, we found a sign that said Rzeszow, near where we'd parked the car. So instead of retracing our route, we followed its arrow,  driving east on a smaller road  parallel to the A4 highway we'd come on. With the sun setting behind us, the hills brightly lit green, we passed Dembica, the ancestral home of the Jewish half of the family of my friend Pat, who grew up on Long Island.

Old Rzeszow hands by now, we made no wrong turns, pulling into the Hotel Bristol's underground garage just as night fell. We took a last walk around Rzeszow's cobbled rynek, full of echoing chatter from around the outdoor restaurant tables. In the tourist office, under the rynek one floor below ground level, a roomful of townspeople were taking dance lessons. I asked a young woman who was also watching the class from above if she spoke English and if she was local.  She did speak English but she was from Warsaw, here on business.  I explained that I was visiting my grandmother's ancestral area and she said that yes, many people from America were visiting now.  She didn't say Jews, but I'm sure that's what she meant.

On the other hand, when the tourist office had been open to the public during the day, and someone who was obviously a working student was behind the counter, I casually mentioned that we were particularly interested in remnants of Jewish presence, and it didn't elicit any unease at all. She told me about Jewish lectures and events in Rzeszow that we could no longer attend; our regular guided tour was starting in Warsaw the following evening. (Rzeszow's underground tourism office was also the entry point to the town's historic underground storerooms, which tunneled together, far around under the plaza. Had we had more time...)

The next morning, we drove our rental car with the schizo GPS to the airport, stopping at a gas station to top up en route, just like we do in Florida.  We couldn't figure out how to open the gas cap, and neither could the nice young man who worked there.  An anxious, wordless comedy ensued, with us searching the dashboard and the floor around the driver's seat while the time cushion before our flight ran out.  Finally, he motioned for our key; it was remote controlled. An age, not a language gap.

We thanked him, parked the car in front of Rzeszow's airport, dropped the keys at the counter, and  hopped the ridiculously cheap flight to Warsaw. We were probably the only foreigners in that little plane, flying over the green-blanketed landscape with the houses nestled in the creases.

Warsaw's Chopin Airport looked new and world-class. It was also cosmopolitan enough for a Chasid to walk through without looking particularly self-conscious, if they ever do. We hopped a cab to the Radisson, where our guided tour would begin at a welcome dinner.  After leaving our bags with the concierge -- it was still only late morning --  our first destination was the Emanuel Ringelblum Jewish Historical Institute, to meet Anna Przybyszewska, the researcher I'd met over the web, the one who'd helped me discover some new surviving distant relatives.

We were half an hour late, we thought, but we'd sent a message through to her that we would be.  We strode off from the hotel briskly, passing a synagogue and through a courtyard with Yiddish written on the exterior walls.  My husband had picked this direction, so I was pretty irritated with him 15 minutes later when we figured out we'd struck out in the wrong direction. We had to retrace our steps and be even later; by the time I got to the JHI, I was pretty flushed and edgy. 

Anna's office was shared with two others in a library room just off the main floor lobby of this historically Jewish, rare surviving building.  We walked in and introduced ourselves, and it turned out she'd been expecting us hours before.  A pale, slender woman, perhaps 50, with straight light hair that framed her face.  A delicate librarian look, but a piercing gaze.

 I really didn't have anything prepared to say or work on; the moment was too fraught, somehow. And anything on a screen can be done long-distance.  But my husband started talking with her at length, making me more edgy still.  Finally I blurted out, "Are you going to take all my time with her, too?"

Anna was a little appalled at this outburst. She looked at me rather sternly.  "These stories are important," she said.  "We have to hear this, too." I don't remember what the subject of their conversation had been, exactly; I just felt ashamed.  And by this Polish researcher, who had made it her mission to gather every possible detail about my murdered people.

Obviously, this work could have occupied far more people. It looked pretty wearing on her, and was not about catering to the impatience of any particular Jewish visitor, even if that impatience had 

been directed at a husband, and not at her.

We didn't make much more of the visit.  I had basically just wanted to say hello, and find out what would be involved in trying to track down distant relatives in Israel, the last evidence for which dated to the fifties. She quickly brought up our email correspondence and all the other material relating to my relatives that she had sent me.

The only other thing I remember her saying was that one had to be careful in teaching kids about the Holocaust, and not to overwhelm them with too much information at once; it could cause psychological harm.  It had to be appropriate to one's age and resistance to despair.  We left and another couple took our place.  Other people were sitting with her Israeli assistant, and the third worker.  Each specialized in different languages relevant to the documents they retrieved, were brought, and searched through.

My husband went to look over the historical exhibits on the upper floors, which dealt with the surviving ten percent of Polish Jews; the attempts at resettling and restoring the mental health of traumatized orphans (many understandably wanted absolutely no part of being Jewish), the role of surviving and survivor Jewish organizations. 

While he did that I went next door to visit Helise Lieberman, the executive director of the foundation for Jewish Life in Poland.   Helise for 20 years has been nourishing the seedlings of Jewish community in Poland with her energy, humanism, positivity and humor.  We too had been corresponding for months before my trip. She gave me a hug and she updated me on the people we had had in common; some dating to 1970, others, Yiddishists in 2015. 

Helise has represented the vestigial and replanted Jewish community to Polish prime ministers and visiting Americans for years now. She can be seen at all commemorative and holiday events, and was among those getting the enormous Polin museum project off the ground over the past decade.

Tarnow, Part 2, Roots Tour, Part X

We would have liked to have met up with other Jews and Jew-lovers at the concert at the Bima in Tarnow that evening; we could have shared both the ghosts and living presence.  But my husband wasn't inclined to drive in a strange country with a schizo GPS in the dark.  So instead, we proceeded along the proscribed Jewish heritage path on the map given us at the information centre on the rynek, to leave before nightfall.  This led us to the remnant of the city walls, which we could stand upon.  And past that, to a monument to the first Transport to Auschwitz. 

This tells the story of the first transport to Auschwitz;
it came from Tarnow and it was 738 political prisoners.

Monument to first transport to Auschwitz, Tarnow

There were posters to this fact plastered around Tarnow's rynek; the first transport to Auschwitz was not a Jewish one. This transport was of 708 non-Jewish Poles and 20 Jews; they were sent in June 1940 as political prisoners, and the square from which they were taken was marked with a modernistic, minimalist art work.  The wide marble panel represented outlines of people rounded up from everyday worklives, holding briefcases, led by outlined soldiers in identifiably German helmets, jodhpur pants, with rifles slung over their shoulders. A couple of police were stationed there; a Polish flag waved on its pole. 

The former mikveh of Tarnow.  It must have been beautiful once.

Opposite this monument was a building with perhaps Persian-style keyhole windows and ornamentation; it had been the local mikveh.  Now it housed a restaurant, a salon and some other offices. Air conditioning units poked through the keyhole windows, indifferent to restoration.

Further along the route we came upon three posted sheets with the timeline of the destruction of Tarnow's Jews -- half of the population, or around 25,000 people.  Unlike something you'd read in America, this plaque showed the difference made by local familiarity; it named the who, what, where and when of each Aktion, day by day.  It named names, dates, times of day. 

This "Chronology of Tragedy" noted that the Germans first bombed Tarnow on Sept. 3, 1939 and took over the city five days later. They immediately started capturing Jewish men on the streets, confiscating their property and sending them off to forced labor camps. In November of that year the synagogues were torched.  The first 1940 transport of political prisoners to Auschwitz were tatooed with the numbers 31 to 758.

The Tarnow ghetto was formally established in March 1941; it was eventually stuffed with 40,000 Jews from the city and surrounding towns.  The first Aktion was in June, ordered by Obergruppenfuhrer F.W. Kruger.   Paul Reiss, head of Tarnow's Judenrat, was shot and killed on the spot when he refused to hand over lists of Jews marked for transport.

 "Due to the enormous task pose by the first Aktion, the security services sought assistance from the local and district police, a company of Waffen SS, headed by SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Klienow, stationed at Debica training Camp, the Sonderdienst (Special Services), the Baudienst (Polish Pioneer Service), and several employees of the Tarnow Labor Exchange."  My friend Pat's grandparents were from Debica, which we passed on our way back to Rzeszow.

"On the morning of June 11, after a speech by Klee, commander of the criminal police, the SS men were issued rations of alcohol and they and the Baudienst, armed with axes, broke down the locked doors of the Jewish houses."  The description that followed, of this and three or four more Aktions,  were obviously eye-witness accounts of mass murder and deportation to the Belzec death camp.  The final liquidation of the Ghetto was the work of Amnon Goth, who had proven his capacity for brutality in the ghettos of Krakow, Przemysl, Rzeszow, Lublin, and other towns. He was played by Ralph Fiennes in Schindler's List.

This Chronology of Tragedy was posted on that wall only in English; so for the benefit of Jewish tourists. Would the Polish version have remained unmolested on that wall? 

Krakowska Street, leading to Tarnow's Rynek

On our way back to the car we walked down Krakowska, looking for the address of my grandmother's cousin Chaim's tailor shop.  49 and 53 looked original, but 51 was obviously a post-war building.  We found another historical plaque on 53, with pictures of the occupation 1939-45.  We also had dinner in a very nice place called Tatrzanska. And we passed a huge red brick church, rose petals strewn all over the sidewalk in front.  A banner on one side of the door featured Jesus; on the other, Pope John Paul. Children stood near a side entrance in First Communion robes, a costume I recognized from Catholic Queens.  We also passed a large billboard, also featuring the Polish Pope, urging the congregation to take part in an upcoming group trip to the Holy Land.

Tarnow is named after this guy, I think.
I used to know more about him. Nobility?

We found a sign that said "Rzeszow" pointing out of the city, so we took the long way home, on a lesser road, as the sun set. Found our way into the hotel basement parking, from behind the rynek.